While it is being a sport with roots reaching medieval and even ancient times, football was never really played under a series of strict rules until 1863.
On October 26, 1863, several amateur and semi-professional clubs from England gathered in London and formed the Football Association and devised a "constitution" for the game, including a set of standardised football. Obviously the "Laws of football" as they were called back then were just a set of basic football rules and they didn't cover all aspects of the game.
The main points dealt with by the Football Association were related to violence on the pitch, as often the tense clashes in no-rules matches lead to bloody fistfights between the teams. Since then, football rules have constantly evolved and began that increasingly of the principles of the game and also the adjustment of football to the age at which it was played.
A simple example of this is the offside rules that were introduced later in the game, as matches became more and more tactical.
Without the offside rule, attackers would often have a wintering role in the team, just stay in the front and wait for the ball to arrive, which is why the new rule would have to work as much as the other players on the field.
Let's take a look at some of today's official football rules and give them a little explanation for why they're there and how they affect the game:
Football field dimensions - since not all football places could share the exact same size, FIFA decided a small length and width size threshold to be playable an area. The minimum length of a football field must therefore be of 90 meters, while the maximum length must be 130 meters (120 meters).
A larger difference of size was allowed for width, which can be as small as 50 meters (45 meters) and as large as 100 meters (90 meters). You may have noticed that the minimum length coincides with the maximum width! Although strange indeed, football could actually be played on a square pitch, but for the sake of entertainment no one built that kind of field yet (thankfully).
Number of players - The official football regulations state that each team with 11 players can enter the field (one of which is the goalkeeper).
The number of replacements depends on the league in which the match is played, but in official FIFA matches the number of replacements can vary from no to 7, with 3 replacements eligible for each of the two teams.
However, in friendly matches, it is often the case that both teams agree on a certain number of replacements or simply go all-out and allow each bench player to get into the game at some point, replacing one of the first team members.
Ball in/out football rules - The ball is in play when the referee doesn't intervene to stop a game and when it stays within the playing field.
If the ball crosses the goal line or the touchline by more than half its circumference, it goes out of the game and a goal kick/corner or throw is given to one of the teams (the opponent of the team that last touched the ball). If a ball hits the referee, the corner flag, the goal post or any other object on the field, the game remains in play.
Fouls – Violations are one of football's most problematic rules nowadays because they can be easily misjudged or interpreted by the referee, which often causes arguments on and off the field. Theoretically, a mistake is whistled and a direct or indirect kick is given when a player stumbles, kicks, pushes, punches, loads or holds an opponent.
However, in the fast paced pace of the game, it is often difficult for the referee to see if a tackle hits the feet of the attacker or the ball. It is considered a foul, even if the defensive player does not touch the attacker at all but has a dangerous intervention, such as a high kick.
Goals - Last but not least, the essence of football rules and the purpose of the game itself, the goal.
To score a goal, the attacking team must pass the ball past the other team's goal line. The attacker can kick the ball, head the ball or push it in with a body part other than the hand (in which case it is considered handball).
Not all shots that end up in the net are goals though, as a goal can be cancelled if it was scored after the striker broke one of the other football rules, such as fouling a defender or the goalkeeper, using his hand to control the ball, being offside or scoring directly from an indirect free kick.
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